Montavue- 8MP 4K Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) Camera with 25x Zoom, Auto-Tracking, 500ft of Starlight IR Night Vision

4K, 4-K or 4k may refer to:

• 4000 (number)
• Four kibibytes (4 × 1024 bytes, better written 4 KiB)
  • 4K disk sector size (Advanced Format)
  • 4K demoscene compo, a computer art competition using programs limited to 4 kibibytes
  • The Java 4K Game Programming Contest
• 4K resolution, a collective term for digital video formats having a horizontal resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels
  • 4K UHDTV, an ultra-high-definition television format
• 4K, the IATA airline code for Askari Aviation
• 4K, an alternative name for Cuatro Cabezas (Four Heads), an Argentine multimedia production company.
• 4K, model of Toyota K engine
• 4K, the production code for the 1976 Doctor Who serial The Brain of Morbius
• 4KScore test for prostate cancer screening
• Kenn Borek Air, a Canadian airline IATA code

A camera is an instrument used to capture and store images and videos, either digitally via an electronic image sensor, or chemically via a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. As a pivotal technology in the fields of photography and videography, cameras have played a significant role in the progression of visual arts, media, entertainment, surveillance, and scientific research. The invention of the camera dates back to the 19th century and has since evolved with advancements in technology, leading to a vast array of types and models in the 21st century.

Cameras function through a combination of multiple mechanical components and principles. These include exposure control, which regulates the amount of light reaching the sensor or film; the lens, which focuses the light; the viewfinder, which allows the user to preview the scene; and the film or sensor, which captures the image.

Several types of camera exist, each suited to specific uses and offering unique capabilities. Single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras provide real-time, exact imaging through the lens. Large-format and medium-format cameras offer higher image resolution and are often used in professional and artistic photography. Compact cameras, known for their portability and simplicity, are popular in consumer photography. Rangefinder cameras, with separate viewing and imaging systems, were historically widely used in photojournalism. Motion picture cameras are specialized for filming cinematic content, while digital cameras, which became prevalent in the late 20th and early 21st century, use electronic sensors to capture and store images.

The rapid development of smartphone camera technology in the 21st century has blurred the lines between dedicated cameras and multifunctional devices, as the smartphone camera is easier to use, profoundly influencing how society creates, shares, and consumes visual content.

Night, or nighttime, is the period of darkness when the Sun is below the horizon. Sunlight illuminates one side of the Earth, leaving the other in darkness. The opposite of nighttime is daytime. Earth's rotation causes the appearance of sunrise and sunset. Moonlight, airglow, starlight, and light pollution dimly illuminate night. The duration of day, night, and twilight varies depending on the time of year and the latitude. Night on other celestial bodies is affected by their rotation and orbital periods. The planets Mercury and Venus have much longer nights than Earth. On Venus, night lasts about 58 Earth days. The Moon's rotation is tidally locked, rotating so that one of the sides of the Moon always faces Earth. Nightfall across portions of the near side of the Moon results in lunar phases visible from Earth.

Organisms respond to the changes brought by nightfall: darkness, increased humidity, and lower temperatures. Their responses include direct reactions and adjustments to circadian rhythms governed by an internal biological clock. These circadian rhythms, regulated by exposure to light and darkness, affect an organism's behavior and physiology. Animals more active at night are called nocturnal and have adaptations for low light, including different forms of night vision and the heightening of other senses. Diurnal animals are active during the day and sleep at night; mammals, birds, and some others dream while asleep. Fungi respond directly to nightfall and increase their biomass. With some exceptions, fungi do not rely on a biological clock. Plants store energy produced through photosynthesis as starch granules to consume at night. Algae engage in a similar process, and cyanobacteria transition from photosynthesis to nitrogen fixation after sunset. In arid environments like deserts, plants evolved to be more active at night, with many gathering carbon dioxide overnight for daytime photosynthesis. Night-blooming cacti rely on nocturnal pollinators such as bats and moths for reproduction. Light pollution disrupts the patterns in ecosystems and is especially harmful to night-flying insects.

Historically, night has been a time of increased danger and insecurity. Many daytime social controls dissipated after sunset. Theft, fights, murders, taboo sexual activities, and accidental deaths all became more frequent due in part to reduced visibility. Despite a reduction in urban dangers, the majority of violent crime is still committed after dark. According to psychologists, the widespread fear of the dark and the night stems from these dangers. The fear remains common to the present day, especially among children.

Cultures have personified night through deities associated with some or all of these aspects of nighttime. The folklore of many cultures contains "creatures of the night", including werewolves, witches, ghosts, and goblins, reflecting societal fears and anxieties. The introduction of artificial lighting extended daytime activities. Major European cities hung lanterns housing candles and oil lamps in the 1600s. Nineteenth-century gas and electric lights created unprecedented illumination. The range of socially acceptable leisure activities expanded, and various industries introduced a night shift. Nightlife, encompassing bars, nightclubs, and cultural venues, has become a significant part of urban culture, contributing to social and political movements.

PTZ may refer to:

• Phenothiazine, a chemical insecticide
• Petrozavodsk, a city in northwest Russia
• Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol), a circulatory and respiratory stimulant
• PTZ camera, capable of pan, tilt, and zoom movement
• PTZ, IATA code for Rio Amazonas Airport in Pastaza Province, Ecuador
• Pacific Time Zone, name of UTC-8 time zone in the US and Canada
• PTZ, "pointz" collected by users of the defunct social commerce site Lockerz
• PTZ, pressure (P), temperature (T), and compressibility (Z) of a gas in an equation of state

Starlight is the light emitted by stars. It typically refers to visible electromagnetic radiation from stars other than the Sun, observable from Earth at night, although a component of starlight is observable from Earth during daytime.

Sunlight is the term used for the Sun's starlight observed during daytime. During nighttime, albedo describes solar reflections from other Solar System objects, including moonlight, planetshine, and zodiacal light.

With or WITH may refer to:

• With, a preposition in English
• Carl Johannes With (1877–1923), Danish doctor and arachnologist
• With (character), a character in D. N. Angel
• With (novel), a novel by Donald Harrington
• With (album), a 2014 album by TVXQ
• With (EP), a 2021 EP by Nam Woo-hyun